On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass — H J RES 139 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States requiring a balanced budget for the Federal Government
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States requiring a balanced budget for the Federal Government.
In plain language
- House joint resolution in the 119th Congress.
- Proposes a constitutional amendment prohibiting total federal expenditures for a year from exceeding the average annual federal receipts.
- House rejected it on Mar 18, 2026 (substantive).
Official summary (Congressional Research Service)
This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment prohibiting total federal expenditures for a year from exceeding the average annual federal receipts collected in the three prior years, adjusted for changes in the population of U.S. citizens and inflation. Expenditures for payment of debt and receipts derived from borrowing are excluded. Under the amendment, Congress may authorize specific expenditures in excess of the limit with (1) a roll call vote of two-thirds of each chamber, or (2) a roll call vote for any year in which a declaration of war is in effect. The amendment also prohibits any bill to levy a new tax or increase the rate of any tax from becoming law unless it has been approved by a roll call vote of two-thirds of the whole number of each chamber of Congress. The requirements take effect in the fifth year beginning after ratification of the amendment.
Roll-call breakdown
Democrat: 1 · Independent: 1 · Republican: 209
Democrat: 207
—
Democrat: 6 · Republican: 8
How each member voted (432)
Yea (211)
- Aaron Bean (Republican–FL)
- Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican–AZ)
- Addison P. McDowell (Republican–NC)
- Adrian Smith (Republican–NE)
- Andrew Ogles (Republican–TN)
- Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican–NY)
- Andrew S. Clyde (Republican–GA)
- Andy Barr (Republican–KY)
- Andy Biggs (Republican–AZ)
- Andy Harris (Republican–MD)
- Ann Wagner (Republican–MO)
- Ashley Hinson (Republican–IA)
- August Pfluger (Republican–TX)
- Austin Scott (Republican–GA)
- Barry Loudermilk (Republican–GA)
- Barry Moore (Republican–AL)
- Ben Cline (Republican–VA)
- Beth Van Duyne (Republican–TX)
- Bill Huizenga (Republican–MI)
- Blake D. Moore (Republican–UT)
- Brad Finstad (Republican–MN)
- Brad Knott (Republican–NC)
- Brandon Gill (Republican–TX)
- Brett Guthrie (Republican–KY)
- Brian Babin (Republican–TX)
- Brian J. Mast (Republican–FL)
- Brian Jack (Republican–GA)
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican–PA)
- Bruce Westerman (Republican–AR)
- Bryan Steil (Republican–WI)
- Burgess Owens (Republican–UT)
- Byron Donalds (Republican–FL)
- Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican–FL)
- Carol D. Miller (Republican–WV)
- Celeste Maloy (Republican–UT)
- Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican–TN)
- Chip Roy (Republican–TX)
- Christopher H. Smith (Republican–NJ)
- Chuck Edwards (Republican–NC)
- Claudia Tenney (Republican–NY)
- Clay Higgins (Republican–LA)
- Cliff Bentz (Republican–OR)
- Cory Mills (Republican–FL)
- Craig A. Goldman (Republican–TX)
- Dale W. Strong (Republican–AL)
- Dan Crenshaw (Republican–TX)
- Dan Newhouse (Republican–WA)
- Daniel Meuser (Republican–PA)
- Daniel Webster (Republican–FL)
- Darin LaHood (Republican–IL)
- Darrell Issa (Republican–CA)
- David G. Valadao (Republican–CA)
- David J. Taylor (Republican–OH)
- David Kustoff (Republican–TN)
- David P. Joyce (Republican–OH)
- David Rouzer (Republican–NC)
- David Schweikert (Republican–AZ)
- Derek Schmidt (Republican–KS)
- Derrick Van Orden (Republican–WI)
- Diana Harshbarger (Republican–TN)
- Don Bacon (Republican–NE)
- Dusty Johnson (Republican–SD)
- Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican–GA)
- Elijah Crane (Republican–AZ)
- Elise M. Stefanik (Republican–NY)
- Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican–AR)
- Eric Burlison (Republican–MO)
- Erin Houchin (Republican–IN)
- Frank D. Lucas (Republican–OK)
- Gabe Evans (Republican–CO)
- Gary J. Palmer (Republican–AL)
- Glenn Grothman (Republican–WI)
- Glenn Thompson (Republican–PA)
- Gregory F. Murphy (Republican–NC)
- Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican–FL)
- Guy Reschenthaler (Republican–PA)
- H. Morgan Griffith (Republican–VA)
- Harold Rogers (Republican–KY)
- Harriet M. Hageman (Republican–WY)
- Henry Cuellar (Democrat–TX)
- J. French Hill (Republican–AR)
- Jack Bergman (Republican–MI)
- Jake Ellzey (Republican–TX)
- James Comer (Republican–KY)
- James R. Baird (Republican–IN)
- Jason Smith (Republican–MO)
- Jay Obernolte (Republican–CA)
- Jeff Crank (Republican–CO)
- Jeff Hurd (Republican–CO)
- Jefferson Shreve (Republican–IN)
- Jefferson Van Drew (Republican–NJ)
- Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican–VA)
- Jim Jordan (Republican–OH)
- Jimmy Patronis (Republican–FL)
- Jodey C. Arrington (Republican–TX)
- Joe Wilson (Republican–SC)
- John H. Rutherford (Republican–FL)
- John J. McGuire III (Republican–VA)
- John James (Republican–MI)
- John Joyce (Republican–PA)
- John R. Carter (Republican–TX)
- John R. Moolenaar (Republican–MI)
- John W. Rose (Republican–TN)
- Josh Brecheen (Republican–OK)
- Juan Ciscomani (Republican–AZ)
- Julia Letlow (Republican–LA)
- Julie Fedorchak (Republican–ND)
- Kat Cammack (Republican–FL)
- Keith Self (Republican–TX)
- Ken Calvert (Republican–CA)
- Kevin Hern (Republican–OK)
- Kevin Kiley (Independent–CA)
- Lance Gooden (Republican–TX)
- Laurel M. Lee (Republican–FL)
- Lauren Boebert (Republican–CO)
- Lisa C. McClain (Republican–MI)
- Lloyd Smucker (Republican–PA)
- Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican–FL)
- Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican–IA)
- Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican–FL)
- Mark Alford (Republican–MO)
- Mark B. Messmer (Republican–IN)
- Mark Harris (Republican–NC)
- Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican–IN)
- Mary E. Miller (Republican–IL)
- Matt Van Epps (Republican–TN)
- Max L. Miller (Republican–OH)
- Michael A. Rulli (Republican–OH)
- Michael Baumgartner (Republican–WA)
- Michael Cloud (Republican–TX)
- Michael Guest (Republican–MS)
- Michael K. Simpson (Republican–ID)
- Michael Lawler (Republican–NY)
- Michael R. Turner (Republican–OH)
- Michael T. McCaul (Republican–TX)
- Michelle Fischbach (Republican–MN)
- Mike Bost (Republican–IL)
- Mike Collins (Republican–GA)
- Mike Ezell (Republican–MS)
- Mike Flood (Republican–NE)
- Mike Haridopolos (Republican–FL)
- Mike Johnson (Republican–LA)
- Mike Kelly (Republican–PA)
- Mike Kennedy (Republican–UT)
- Mike Rogers (Republican–AL)
- Monica De La Cruz (Republican–TX)
- Morgan Luttrell (Republican–TX)
- Nathaniel Moran (Republican–TX)
- Neal P. Dunn (Republican–FL)
- Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican–NY)
- Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican–AK)
- Nick LaLota (Republican–NY)
- Nicole Malliotakis (Republican–NY)
- Pat Harrigan (Republican–NC)
- Paul A. Gosar (Republican–AZ)
- Pete Sessions (Republican–TX)
- Pete Stauber (Republican–MN)
- Ralph Norman (Republican–SC)
- Randy Feenstra (Republican–IA)
- Randy Fine (Republican–FL)
- Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican–TX)
- Richard Hudson (Republican–NC)
- Richard McCormick (Republican–GA)
- Rick W. Allen (Republican–GA)
- Riley M. Moore (Republican–WV)
- Robert B. Aderholt (Republican–AL)
- Robert E. Latta (Republican–OH)
- Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican–MO)
- Robert J. Wittman (Republican–VA)
- Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican–PA)
- Roger Williams (Republican–TX)
- Ron Estes (Republican–KS)
- Ronny Jackson (Republican–TX)
- Rudy Yakym III (Republican–IN)
- Russ Fulcher (Republican–ID)
- Russell Fry (Republican–SC)
- Ryan K. Zinke (Republican–MT)
- Ryan Mackenzie (Republican–PA)
- Sam Graves (Republican–MO)
- Scott DesJarlais (Republican–TN)
- Scott Fitzgerald (Republican–WI)
- Scott Franklin (Republican–FL)
- Scott Perry (Republican–PA)
- Sheri Biggs (Republican–SC)
- Stephanie I. Bice (Republican–OK)
- Steve Scalise (Republican–LA)
- Steve Womack (Republican–AR)
- Thomas Massie (Republican–KY)
- Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican–WI)
- Tim Burchett (Republican–TN)
- Tim Moore (Republican–NC)
- Tim Walberg (Republican–MI)
- Tom Barrett (Republican–MI)
- Tom Cole (Republican–OK)
- Tom Emmer (Republican–MN)
- Tom McClintock (Republican–CA)
- Tony Wied (Republican–WI)
- Tracey Mann (Republican–KS)
- Trent Kelly (Republican–MS)
- Troy Downing (Republican–MT)
- Troy E. Nehls (Republican–TX)
- Vern Buchanan (Republican–FL)
- Victoria Spartz (Republican–IN)
- Vince Fong (Republican–CA)
- Virginia Foxx (Republican–NC)
- W. Gregory Steube (Republican–FL)
- Warren Davidson (Republican–OH)
- Wesley Hunt (Republican–TX)
- William R. Timmons IV (Republican–SC)
- Young Kim (Republican–CA)
- Zachary Nunn (Republican–IA)
Nay (207)
- Adam Gray (Democrat–CA)
- Adam Smith (Democrat–WA)
- Adelita S. Grijalva (Democrat–AZ)
- Adriano Espaillat (Democrat–NY)
- Al Green (Democrat–TX)
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat–NY)
- Alma S. Adams (Democrat–NC)
- Ami Bera (Democrat–CA)
- André Carson (Democrat–IN)
- Andrea Salinas (Democrat–OR)
- Angie Craig (Democrat–MN)
- April McClain Delaney (Democrat–MD)
- Ayanna Pressley (Democrat–MA)
- Becca Balint (Democrat–VT)
- Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat–MS)
- Betty McCollum (Democrat–MN)
- Bill Foster (Democrat–IL)
- Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat–NJ)
- Brad Sherman (Democrat–CA)
- Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat–IL)
- Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat–PA)
- Brittany Pettersen (Democrat–CO)
- Chellie Pingree (Democrat–ME)
- Chris Pappas (Democrat–NH)
- Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat–PA)
- Christian D. Menefee (Democrat–TX)
- Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat–PA)
- Cleo Fields (Democrat–LA)
- Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat–NY)
- Danny K. Davis (Democrat–IL)
- Darren Soto (Democrat–FL)
- Dave Min (Democrat–CA)
- David Scott (Democrat–GA)
- Debbie Dingell (Democrat–MI)
- Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat–FL)
- Deborah K. Ross (Democrat–NC)
- Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat–IL)
- Derek Tran (Democrat–CA)
- Diana DeGette (Democrat–CO)
- Dina Titus (Democrat–NV)
- Donald G. Davis (Democrat–NC)
- Donald Norcross (Democrat–NJ)
- Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat–VA)
- Doris O. Matsui (Democrat–CA)
- Dwight Evans (Democrat–PA)
- Ed Case (Democrat–HI)
- Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat–MO)
- Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat–OH)
- Emily Randall (Democrat–WA)
- Eric Sorensen (Democrat–IL)
- Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat–VA)
- Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat–IN)
- Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat–FL)
- Gabe Amo (Democrat–RI)
- Gabe Vasquez (Democrat–NM)
- George Latimer (Democrat–NY)
- George Whitesides (Democrat–CA)
- Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat–CA)
- Glenn Ivey (Democrat–MD)
- Grace Meng (Democrat–NY)
- Greg Casar (Democrat–TX)
- Greg Landsman (Democrat–OH)
- Greg Stanton (Democrat–AZ)
- Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat–NY)
- Gwen Moore (Democrat–WI)
- Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat–NY)
- Haley M. Stevens (Democrat–MI)
- Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat–MI)
- Ilhan Omar (Democrat–MN)
- J. Luis Correa (Democrat–CA)
- Jahana Hayes (Democrat–CT)
- James A. Himes (Democrat–CT)
- James E. Clyburn (Democrat–SC)
- James P. McGovern (Democrat–MA)
- James R. Walkinshaw (Democrat–VA)
- Jamie Raskin (Democrat–MD)
- Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat–OR)
- Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat–IL)
- Jared F. Golden (Democrat–ME)
- Jared Huffman (Democrat–CA)
- Jared Moskowitz (Democrat–FL)
- Jasmine Crockett (Democrat–TX)
- Jason Crow (Democrat–CO)
- Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat–VA)
- Jerrold Nadler (Democrat–NY)
- Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat–IL)
- Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat–HI)
- Jim Costa (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Gomez (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Panetta (Democrat–CA)
- Joaquin Castro (Democrat–TX)
- Joe Courtney (Democrat–CT)
- Joe Neguse (Democrat–CO)
- John B. Larson (Democrat–CT)
- John Garamendi (Democrat–CA)
- John W. Mannion (Democrat–NY)
- Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat–MD)
- Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat–IL)
- Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat–NY)
- Josh Gottheimer (Democrat–NJ)
- Josh Harder (Democrat–CA)
- Josh Riley (Democrat–NY)
- Joyce Beatty (Democrat–OH)
- Juan Vargas (Democrat–CA)
- Judy Chu (Democrat–CA)
- Julia Brownley (Democrat–CA)
- Julie Johnson (Democrat–TX)
- Katherine M. Clark (Democrat–MA)
- Kathy Castor (Democrat–FL)
- Kelly Morrison (Democrat–MN)
- Kevin Mullin (Democrat–CA)
- Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat–MI)
- Kweisi Mfume (Democrat–MD)
- LaMonica McIver (Democrat–NJ)
- Lateefah Simon (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Friedman (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Gillen (Democrat–NY)
- Lauren Underwood (Democrat–IL)
- Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat–CA)
- Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Doggett (Democrat–TX)
- Lois Frankel (Democrat–FL)
- Lori Trahan (Democrat–MA)
- Lucy McBath (Democrat–GA)
- Luz M. Rivas (Democrat–CA)
- Madeleine Dean (Democrat–PA)
- Maggie Goodlander (Democrat–NH)
- Marc A. Veasey (Democrat–TX)
- Marcy Kaptur (Democrat–OH)
- Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat–WA)
- Marilyn Strickland (Democrat–WA)
- Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat–CA)
- Mark Pocan (Democrat–WI)
- Mark Takano (Democrat–CA)
- Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat–PA)
- Maxine Dexter (Democrat–OR)
- Maxine Waters (Democrat–CA)
- Maxwell Frost (Democrat–FL)
- Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat–NM)
- Mike Levin (Democrat–CA)
- Mike Quigley (Democrat–IL)
- Mike Thompson (Democrat–CA)
- Morgan McGarvey (Democrat–KY)
- Nancy Pelosi (Democrat–CA)
- Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat–CA)
- Nellie Pou (Democrat–NJ)
- Nikema Williams (Democrat–GA)
- Nikki Budzinski (Democrat–IL)
- Norma J. Torres (Democrat–CA)
- Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat–NY)
- Patrick Ryan (Democrat–NY)
- Paul Tonko (Democrat–NY)
- Pete Aguilar (Democrat–CA)
- Pramila Jayapal (Democrat–WA)
- Rashida Tlaib (Democrat–MI)
- Raul Ruiz (Democrat–CA)
- Richard E. Neal (Democrat–MA)
- Rick Larsen (Democrat–WA)
- Ritchie Torres (Democrat–NY)
- Ro Khanna (Democrat–CA)
- Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat–VA)
- Robert Garcia (Democrat–CA)
- Robert Menendez (Democrat–NJ)
- Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat–CT)
- Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat–CA)
- Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat–CA)
- Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Sara Jacobs (Democrat–CA)
- Sarah Elfreth (Democrat–MD)
- Sarah McBride (Democrat–DE)
- Scott H. Peters (Democrat–CA)
- Sean Casten (Democrat–IL)
- Seth Magaziner (Democrat–RI)
- Sharice Davids (Democrat–KS)
- Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (Democrat–FL)
- Shomari Figures (Democrat–AL)
- Shontel M. Brown (Democrat–OH)
- Shri Thanedar (Democrat–MI)
- Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat–MD)
- Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat–MA)
- Steve Cohen (Democrat–TN)
- Steven Horsford (Democrat–NV)
- Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat–VA)
- Summer L. Lee (Democrat–PA)
- Susie Lee (Democrat–NV)
- Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat–WA)
- Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat–OR)
- Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat–CA)
- Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat–TX)
- Ted Lieu (Democrat–CA)
- Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat–NM)
- Terri A. Sewell (Democrat–AL)
- Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat–NY)
- Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat–NY)
- Troy A. Carter (Democrat–LA)
- Val T. Hoyle (Democrat–OR)
- Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat–NC)
- Veronica Escobar (Democrat–TX)
- Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat–TX)
- Wesley Bell (Democrat–MO)
- William R. Keating (Democrat–MA)
- Yassamin Ansari (Democrat–AZ)
- Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat–NY)
- Zoe Lofgren (Democrat–CA)
Not Voting (14)
- Anna Paulina Luna (Republican–FL)
- Eric Swalwell (Democrat–CA)
- Jake Auchincloss (Democrat–MA)
- Kim Schrier (Democrat–WA)
- Mark E. Amodei (Republican–NV)
- Mike Carey (Republican–OH)
- Nancy Mace (Republican–SC)
- Pat Fallon (Republican–TX)
- Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat–IL)
- Robin L. Kelly (Democrat–IL)
- Seth Moulton (Democrat–MA)
- Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican–NJ)
- Tony Gonzales (Republican–TX)
- Troy Balderson (Republican–OH)
Party labels reflect each member’s most recent affiliation on record.