On Agreeing to the Amendment — H R 1048
DETERRENT Act
In plain language
- House bill in the 119th Congress.
- Expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and colleges (IHEs).
- House passed it on Mar 27, 2025 (substantive).
Official summary (Congressional Research Service)
Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act or the DETERRENT Act This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs). Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount; receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value; enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or is substantially controlled by a foreign source. Additionally, the bill prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver, requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources, and requires private IHEs with specified assets or investments to file annual investment disclosure reports. The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.
Roll-call breakdown
Democrat: 3
Democrat: 199 · Independent: 1 · Republican: 210
—
Democrat: 14 · Republican: 9
How each member voted (436)
Yea (3)
- Ayanna Pressley (Democrat–MA)
- Ilhan Omar (Democrat–MN)
- Rashida Tlaib (Democrat–MI)
Nay (410)
- Aaron Bean (Republican–FL)
- Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican–AZ)
- Adam Gray (Democrat–CA)
- Adam Smith (Democrat–WA)
- Addison P. McDowell (Republican–NC)
- Adrian Smith (Republican–NE)
- Adriano Espaillat (Democrat–NY)
- Al Green (Democrat–TX)
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat–NY)
- Alma S. Adams (Democrat–NC)
- Ami Bera (Democrat–CA)
- André Carson (Democrat–IN)
- Andrea Salinas (Democrat–OR)
- Andrew Ogles (Republican–TN)
- Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican–NY)
- Andrew S. Clyde (Republican–GA)
- Andy Barr (Republican–KY)
- Andy Biggs (Republican–AZ)
- Andy Harris (Republican–MD)
- Angie Craig (Democrat–MN)
- Ann Wagner (Republican–MO)
- Anna Paulina Luna (Republican–FL)
- April McClain Delaney (Democrat–MD)
- Ashley Hinson (Republican–IA)
- August Pfluger (Republican–TX)
- Austin Scott (Republican–GA)
- Barry Loudermilk (Republican–GA)
- Barry Moore (Republican–AL)
- Becca Balint (Democrat–VT)
- Ben Cline (Republican–VA)
- Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat–MS)
- Beth Van Duyne (Republican–TX)
- Betty McCollum (Democrat–MN)
- Bill Foster (Democrat–IL)
- Bill Huizenga (Republican–MI)
- Blake D. Moore (Republican–UT)
- Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat–NJ)
- Brad Finstad (Republican–MN)
- Brad Knott (Republican–NC)
- Brad Sherman (Democrat–CA)
- Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat–IL)
- Brandon Gill (Republican–TX)
- Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat–PA)
- Brett Guthrie (Republican–KY)
- Brian Babin (Republican–TX)
- Brian J. Mast (Republican–FL)
- Brian Jack (Republican–GA)
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican–PA)
- Bruce Westerman (Republican–AR)
- Bryan Steil (Republican–WI)
- Burgess Owens (Republican–UT)
- Byron Donalds (Republican–FL)
- Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican–FL)
- Carol D. Miller (Republican–WV)
- Celeste Maloy (Republican–UT)
- Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican–TN)
- Chip Roy (Republican–TX)
- Chris Pappas (Democrat–NH)
- Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat–PA)
- Christopher H. Smith (Republican–NJ)
- Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat–PA)
- Chuck Edwards (Republican–NC)
- Claudia Tenney (Republican–NY)
- Clay Higgins (Republican–LA)
- Cleo Fields (Democrat–LA)
- Cliff Bentz (Republican–OR)
- Cory Mills (Republican–FL)
- Craig A. Goldman (Republican–TX)
- Dale W. Strong (Republican–AL)
- Dan Crenshaw (Republican–TX)
- Dan Newhouse (Republican–WA)
- Daniel Meuser (Republican–PA)
- Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat–NY)
- Daniel Webster (Republican–FL)
- Danny K. Davis (Democrat–IL)
- Darin LaHood (Republican–IL)
- Darrell Issa (Republican–CA)
- Darren Soto (Democrat–FL)
- Dave Min (Democrat–CA)
- David G. Valadao (Republican–CA)
- David J. Taylor (Republican–OH)
- David Kustoff (Republican–TN)
- David P. Joyce (Republican–OH)
- David Rouzer (Republican–NC)
- David Schweikert (Republican–AZ)
- David Scott (Democrat–GA)
- Debbie Dingell (Democrat–MI)
- Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat–FL)
- Deborah K. Ross (Democrat–NC)
- Derek Schmidt (Republican–KS)
- Derek Tran (Democrat–CA)
- Derrick Van Orden (Republican–WI)
- Diana DeGette (Democrat–CO)
- Diana Harshbarger (Republican–TN)
- Dina Titus (Democrat–NV)
- Don Bacon (Republican–NE)
- Donald G. Davis (Democrat–NC)
- Donald Norcross (Democrat–NJ)
- Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat–VA)
- Doris O. Matsui (Democrat–CA)
- Doug LaMalfa (Republican–CA)
- Dusty Johnson (Republican–SD)
- Dwight Evans (Democrat–PA)
- Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican–GA)
- Ed Case (Democrat–HI)
- Eleanor Holmes Norton (Democrat–DC)
- Elijah Crane (Republican–AZ)
- Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat–MO)
- Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat–OH)
- Emily Randall (Democrat–WA)
- Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican–AR)
- Eric Burlison (Republican–MO)
- Eric Sorensen (Democrat–IL)
- Eric Swalwell (Democrat–CA)
- Erin Houchin (Republican–IN)
- Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat–VA)
- Frank D. Lucas (Republican–OK)
- Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat–IN)
- Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat–FL)
- Gabe Amo (Democrat–RI)
- Gabe Evans (Republican–CO)
- Gabe Vasquez (Democrat–NM)
- Gary J. Palmer (Republican–AL)
- George Latimer (Democrat–NY)
- George Whitesides (Democrat–CA)
- Gerald E. Connolly (Democrat–VA)
- Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat–CA)
- Glenn Grothman (Republican–WI)
- Glenn Ivey (Democrat–MD)
- Glenn Thompson (Republican–PA)
- Grace Meng (Democrat–NY)
- Greg Casar (Democrat–TX)
- Greg Landsman (Democrat–OH)
- Greg Stanton (Democrat–AZ)
- Gregory F. Murphy (Republican–NC)
- Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat–NY)
- Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican–FL)
- Guy Reschenthaler (Republican–PA)
- Gwen Moore (Democrat–WI)
- H. Morgan Griffith (Republican–VA)
- Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat–NY)
- Haley M. Stevens (Democrat–MI)
- Harold Rogers (Republican–KY)
- Harriet M. Hageman (Republican–WY)
- Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Henry Cuellar (Democrat–TX)
- Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat–MI)
- J. French Hill (Republican–AR)
- J. Luis Correa (Democrat–CA)
- Jahana Hayes (Democrat–CT)
- Jake Auchincloss (Democrat–MA)
- Jake Ellzey (Republican–TX)
- James A. Himes (Democrat–CT)
- James Comer (Republican–KY)
- James E. Clyburn (Democrat–SC)
- James P. McGovern (Democrat–MA)
- James R. Baird (Republican–IN)
- Jamie Raskin (Democrat–MD)
- Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat–OR)
- Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat–IL)
- Jared F. Golden (Democrat–ME)
- Jared Huffman (Democrat–CA)
- Jared Moskowitz (Democrat–FL)
- Jasmine Crockett (Democrat–TX)
- Jason Crow (Democrat–CO)
- Jason Smith (Republican–MO)
- Jay Obernolte (Republican–CA)
- Jeff Crank (Republican–CO)
- Jeff Hurd (Republican–CO)
- Jefferson Van Drew (Republican–NJ)
- Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican–VA)
- Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat–VA)
- Jerrold Nadler (Democrat–NY)
- Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat–IL)
- Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat–HI)
- Jim Costa (Democrat–CA)
- Jim Jordan (Republican–OH)
- Jimmy Gomez (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Panetta (Democrat–CA)
- Joaquin Castro (Democrat–TX)
- Jodey C. Arrington (Republican–TX)
- Joe Courtney (Democrat–CT)
- Joe Neguse (Democrat–CO)
- Joe Wilson (Republican–SC)
- John B. Larson (Democrat–CT)
- John H. Rutherford (Republican–FL)
- John J. McGuire III (Republican–VA)
- John James (Republican–MI)
- John Joyce (Republican–PA)
- John R. Carter (Republican–TX)
- John R. Moolenaar (Republican–MI)
- John W. Mannion (Democrat–NY)
- John W. Rose (Republican–TN)
- Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat–MD)
- Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat–IL)
- Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat–NY)
- Josh Brecheen (Republican–OK)
- Josh Gottheimer (Democrat–NJ)
- Josh Harder (Democrat–CA)
- Josh Riley (Democrat–NY)
- Joyce Beatty (Democrat–OH)
- Juan Ciscomani (Republican–AZ)
- Juan Vargas (Democrat–CA)
- Judy Chu (Democrat–CA)
- Julia Brownley (Democrat–CA)
- Julia Letlow (Republican–LA)
- Julie Fedorchak (Republican–ND)
- Julie Johnson (Democrat–TX)
- Kat Cammack (Republican–FL)
- Katherine M. Clark (Democrat–MA)
- Kathy Castor (Democrat–FL)
- Keith Self (Republican–TX)
- Kelly Morrison (Democrat–MN)
- Ken Calvert (Republican–CA)
- Kevin Hern (Republican–OK)
- Kevin Kiley (Independent–CA)
- Kevin Mullin (Democrat–CA)
- Kim Schrier (Democrat–WA)
- Kimberlyn King-Hinds (Republican–MP)
- Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat–MI)
- Kweisi Mfume (Democrat–MD)
- LaMonica McIver (Democrat–NJ)
- Lance Gooden (Republican–TX)
- Lateefah Simon (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Friedman (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Gillen (Democrat–NY)
- Laurel M. Lee (Republican–FL)
- Lauren Boebert (Republican–CO)
- Lauren Underwood (Democrat–IL)
- Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat–CA)
- Lisa C. McClain (Republican–MI)
- Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Doggett (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Smucker (Republican–PA)
- Lois Frankel (Democrat–FL)
- Lori Trahan (Democrat–MA)
- Luz M. Rivas (Democrat–CA)
- Madeleine Dean (Democrat–PA)
- Maggie Goodlander (Democrat–NH)
- Marc A. Veasey (Democrat–TX)
- Marcy Kaptur (Democrat–OH)
- Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican–FL)
- Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican–IA)
- Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat–WA)
- Marilyn Strickland (Democrat–WA)
- Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican–FL)
- Marjorie Taylor Greene (Republican–GA)
- Mark Alford (Republican–MO)
- Mark B. Messmer (Republican–IN)
- Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat–CA)
- Mark E. Green (Republican–TN)
- Mark Harris (Republican–NC)
- Mark Pocan (Democrat–WI)
- Mark Takano (Democrat–CA)
- Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican–IN)
- Mary E. Miller (Republican–IL)
- Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat–PA)
- Max L. Miller (Republican–OH)
- Maxine Dexter (Democrat–OR)
- Maxine Waters (Democrat–CA)
- Maxwell Frost (Democrat–FL)
- Michael A. Rulli (Republican–OH)
- Michael Baumgartner (Republican–WA)
- Michael Cloud (Republican–TX)
- Michael Guest (Republican–MS)
- Michael K. Simpson (Republican–ID)
- Michael Lawler (Republican–NY)
- Michael R. Turner (Republican–OH)
- Michelle Fischbach (Republican–MN)
- Mike Bost (Republican–IL)
- Mike Carey (Republican–OH)
- Mike Collins (Republican–GA)
- Mike Ezell (Republican–MS)
- Mike Flood (Republican–NE)
- Mike Haridopolos (Republican–FL)
- Mike Kelly (Republican–PA)
- Mike Kennedy (Republican–UT)
- Mike Levin (Democrat–CA)
- Mike Quigley (Democrat–IL)
- Mike Rogers (Republican–AL)
- Mike Thompson (Democrat–CA)
- Monica De La Cruz (Republican–TX)
- Morgan Luttrell (Republican–TX)
- Morgan McGarvey (Democrat–KY)
- Nancy Mace (Republican–SC)
- Nathaniel Moran (Republican–TX)
- Neal P. Dunn (Republican–FL)
- Nellie Pou (Democrat–NJ)
- Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican–NY)
- Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican–AK)
- Nick LaLota (Republican–NY)
- Nicole Malliotakis (Republican–NY)
- Nikema Williams (Democrat–GA)
- Nikki Budzinski (Democrat–IL)
- Norma J. Torres (Democrat–CA)
- Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat–NY)
- Pablo José Hernández (Democrat–PR)
- Pat Fallon (Republican–TX)
- Pat Harrigan (Republican–NC)
- Patrick Ryan (Democrat–NY)
- Paul A. Gosar (Republican–AZ)
- Paul Tonko (Democrat–NY)
- Pete Aguilar (Democrat–CA)
- Pete Sessions (Republican–TX)
- Pete Stauber (Republican–MN)
- Pramila Jayapal (Democrat–WA)
- Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat–IL)
- Ralph Norman (Republican–SC)
- Randy Feenstra (Republican–IA)
- Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican–TX)
- Raul Ruiz (Democrat–CA)
- Richard Hudson (Republican–NC)
- Richard McCormick (Republican–GA)
- Rick Larsen (Democrat–WA)
- Rick W. Allen (Republican–GA)
- Riley M. Moore (Republican–WV)
- Ritchie Torres (Democrat–NY)
- Ro Khanna (Democrat–CA)
- Robert B. Aderholt (Republican–AL)
- Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat–VA)
- Robert E. Latta (Republican–OH)
- Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican–MO)
- Robert J. Wittman (Republican–VA)
- Robert Menendez (Democrat–NJ)
- Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican–PA)
- Robin L. Kelly (Democrat–IL)
- Roger Williams (Republican–TX)
- Ron Estes (Republican–KS)
- Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat–CT)
- Rudy Yakym III (Republican–IN)
- Russ Fulcher (Republican–ID)
- Russell Fry (Republican–SC)
- Ryan K. Zinke (Republican–MT)
- Ryan Mackenzie (Republican–PA)
- Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat–CA)
- Sam Graves (Republican–MO)
- Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat–CA)
- Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Sara Jacobs (Democrat–CA)
- Sarah Elfreth (Democrat–MD)
- Sarah McBride (Democrat–DE)
- Scott DesJarlais (Republican–TN)
- Scott Fitzgerald (Republican–WI)
- Scott Franklin (Republican–FL)
- Scott H. Peters (Democrat–CA)
- Scott Perry (Republican–PA)
- Sean Casten (Democrat–IL)
- Seth Magaziner (Democrat–RI)
- Seth Moulton (Democrat–MA)
- Sharice Davids (Democrat–KS)
- Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (Democrat–FL)
- Sheri Biggs (Republican–SC)
- Shomari Figures (Democrat–AL)
- Shontel M. Brown (Democrat–OH)
- Shri Thanedar (Democrat–MI)
- Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat–MD)
- Stephanie I. Bice (Republican–OK)
- Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat–MA)
- Steve Cohen (Democrat–TN)
- Steve Scalise (Republican–LA)
- Steve Womack (Republican–AR)
- Steven Horsford (Democrat–NV)
- Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat–VA)
- Summer L. Lee (Democrat–PA)
- Susie Lee (Democrat–NV)
- Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat–WA)
- Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat–OR)
- Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat–CA)
- Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat–TX)
- Ted Lieu (Democrat–CA)
- Terri A. Sewell (Democrat–AL)
- Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican–NJ)
- Thomas Massie (Republican–KY)
- Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican–WI)
- Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat–NY)
- Tim Burchett (Republican–TN)
- Tim Moore (Republican–NC)
- Tim Walberg (Republican–MI)
- Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat–NY)
- Tom Barrett (Republican–MI)
- Tom Cole (Republican–OK)
- Tom Emmer (Republican–MN)
- Tom McClintock (Republican–CA)
- Tony Gonzales (Republican–TX)
- Tony Wied (Republican–WI)
- Tracey Mann (Republican–KS)
- Trent Kelly (Republican–MS)
- Troy A. Carter (Democrat–LA)
- Troy Balderson (Republican–OH)
- Troy Downing (Republican–MT)
- Troy E. Nehls (Republican–TX)
- Val T. Hoyle (Democrat–OR)
- Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat–NC)
- Vern Buchanan (Republican–FL)
- Veronica Escobar (Democrat–TX)
- Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat–TX)
- Victoria Spartz (Republican–IN)
- Virginia Foxx (Republican–NC)
- W. Gregory Steube (Republican–FL)
- Warren Davidson (Republican–OH)
- Wesley Bell (Democrat–MO)
- Wesley Hunt (Republican–TX)
- William R. Keating (Democrat–MA)
- William R. Timmons IV (Republican–SC)
- Young Kim (Republican–CA)
- Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat–NY)
- Zachary Nunn (Republican–IA)
- Zoe Lofgren (Democrat–CA)
Not Voting (23)
- Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen (Republican–AS)
- Brittany Pettersen (Democrat–CO)
- Chellie Pingree (Democrat–ME)
- Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat–IL)
- Elise M. Stefanik (Republican–NY)
- Jack Bergman (Republican–MI)
- James C. Moylan (Republican–GU)
- Jefferson Shreve (Republican–IN)
- John Garamendi (Democrat–CA)
- Lucy McBath (Democrat–GA)
- Mark E. Amodei (Republican–NV)
- Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat–NM)
- Michael T. McCaul (Republican–TX)
- Mikie Sherrill (Democrat–NJ)
- Nancy Pelosi (Democrat–CA)
- Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat–CA)
- Richard E. Neal (Democrat–MA)
- Robert Garcia (Democrat–CA)
- Ronny Jackson (Republican–TX)
- Stacey E. Plaskett (Democrat–VI)
- Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat–NM)
- Vince Fong (Republican–CA)
- Yassamin Ansari (Democrat–AZ)
Party labels reflect each member’s most recent affiliation on record.