On Agreeing to the Amendment — H R 1048
DETERRENT Act
In plain language
- House bill in the 119th Congress.
- Expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and colleges (IHEs).
- House passed it on Mar 27, 2025 (substantive).
Official summary (Congressional Research Service)
Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act or the DETERRENT Act This bill expands oversight and disclosure requirements related to foreign sources and institutions of higher education (IHEs). Specifically, the bill requires an IHE to annually disclose to the Department of Education (ED) any year in which the IHE receives a gift from a foreign country of concern (e.g., China or Russia) or foreign entity of concern of any dollar amount; receives a gift or contract from a foreign source (other than a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern) that is valued at $50,000 or more, considered alone or in combination with all other gifts or contracts within a calendar year (current disclosure threshold is $250,000 or more), or which has an undetermined monetary value; enters into a contract with a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern after receiving a waiver for such contract; or is substantially controlled by a foreign source. Additionally, the bill prohibits IHEs from entering into contracts with a foreign country of concern or with a foreign entity of concern without obtaining a waiver, requires certain IHEs to disclose gifts or contracts between covered individuals (e.g., researchers) and foreign sources, and requires private IHEs with specified assets or investments to file annual investment disclosure reports. The bill requires ED to investigate possible violations of this bill and outlines the various penalties for each violation. Penalties may include losing eligibility for federal student financial aid.
Roll-call breakdown
Democrat: 199
Democrat: 3 · Independent: 1 · Republican: 210
—
Democrat: 14 · Republican: 9
How each member voted (436)
Yea (199)
- Adam Gray (Democrat–CA)
- Adam Smith (Democrat–WA)
- Adriano Espaillat (Democrat–NY)
- Al Green (Democrat–TX)
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat–NY)
- Alma S. Adams (Democrat–NC)
- Ami Bera (Democrat–CA)
- André Carson (Democrat–IN)
- Andrea Salinas (Democrat–OR)
- Angie Craig (Democrat–MN)
- April McClain Delaney (Democrat–MD)
- Ayanna Pressley (Democrat–MA)
- Becca Balint (Democrat–VT)
- Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat–MS)
- Betty McCollum (Democrat–MN)
- Bill Foster (Democrat–IL)
- Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat–NJ)
- Brad Sherman (Democrat–CA)
- Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat–IL)
- Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat–PA)
- Chris Pappas (Democrat–NH)
- Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat–PA)
- Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat–PA)
- Cleo Fields (Democrat–LA)
- Danny K. Davis (Democrat–IL)
- Darren Soto (Democrat–FL)
- Dave Min (Democrat–CA)
- David Scott (Democrat–GA)
- Debbie Dingell (Democrat–MI)
- Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat–FL)
- Deborah K. Ross (Democrat–NC)
- Derek Tran (Democrat–CA)
- Diana DeGette (Democrat–CO)
- Dina Titus (Democrat–NV)
- Donald G. Davis (Democrat–NC)
- Donald Norcross (Democrat–NJ)
- Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat–VA)
- Doris O. Matsui (Democrat–CA)
- Dwight Evans (Democrat–PA)
- Ed Case (Democrat–HI)
- Eleanor Holmes Norton (Democrat–DC)
- Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat–MO)
- Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat–OH)
- Emily Randall (Democrat–WA)
- Eric Sorensen (Democrat–IL)
- Eric Swalwell (Democrat–CA)
- Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat–VA)
- Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat–IN)
- Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat–FL)
- Gabe Amo (Democrat–RI)
- Gabe Vasquez (Democrat–NM)
- George Latimer (Democrat–NY)
- George Whitesides (Democrat–CA)
- Gerald E. Connolly (Democrat–VA)
- Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat–CA)
- Glenn Ivey (Democrat–MD)
- Grace Meng (Democrat–NY)
- Greg Casar (Democrat–TX)
- Greg Landsman (Democrat–OH)
- Greg Stanton (Democrat–AZ)
- Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat–NY)
- Gwen Moore (Democrat–WI)
- Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat–NY)
- Haley M. Stevens (Democrat–MI)
- Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Henry Cuellar (Democrat–TX)
- Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat–MI)
- Ilhan Omar (Democrat–MN)
- J. Luis Correa (Democrat–CA)
- Jahana Hayes (Democrat–CT)
- Jake Auchincloss (Democrat–MA)
- James A. Himes (Democrat–CT)
- James E. Clyburn (Democrat–SC)
- James P. McGovern (Democrat–MA)
- Jamie Raskin (Democrat–MD)
- Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat–OR)
- Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat–IL)
- Jared F. Golden (Democrat–ME)
- Jared Huffman (Democrat–CA)
- Jasmine Crockett (Democrat–TX)
- Jason Crow (Democrat–CO)
- Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat–VA)
- Jerrold Nadler (Democrat–NY)
- Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat–IL)
- Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat–HI)
- Jim Costa (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Gomez (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Panetta (Democrat–CA)
- Joaquin Castro (Democrat–TX)
- Joe Courtney (Democrat–CT)
- Joe Neguse (Democrat–CO)
- John B. Larson (Democrat–CT)
- John W. Mannion (Democrat–NY)
- Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat–MD)
- Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat–IL)
- Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat–NY)
- Josh Harder (Democrat–CA)
- Josh Riley (Democrat–NY)
- Joyce Beatty (Democrat–OH)
- Juan Vargas (Democrat–CA)
- Judy Chu (Democrat–CA)
- Julia Brownley (Democrat–CA)
- Julie Johnson (Democrat–TX)
- Katherine M. Clark (Democrat–MA)
- Kathy Castor (Democrat–FL)
- Kelly Morrison (Democrat–MN)
- Kevin Mullin (Democrat–CA)
- Kim Schrier (Democrat–WA)
- Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat–MI)
- Kweisi Mfume (Democrat–MD)
- LaMonica McIver (Democrat–NJ)
- Lateefah Simon (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Friedman (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Gillen (Democrat–NY)
- Lauren Underwood (Democrat–IL)
- Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat–CA)
- Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Doggett (Democrat–TX)
- Lois Frankel (Democrat–FL)
- Lori Trahan (Democrat–MA)
- Luz M. Rivas (Democrat–CA)
- Madeleine Dean (Democrat–PA)
- Maggie Goodlander (Democrat–NH)
- Marc A. Veasey (Democrat–TX)
- Marcy Kaptur (Democrat–OH)
- Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat–WA)
- Marilyn Strickland (Democrat–WA)
- Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat–CA)
- Mark Pocan (Democrat–WI)
- Mark Takano (Democrat–CA)
- Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat–PA)
- Maxine Dexter (Democrat–OR)
- Maxine Waters (Democrat–CA)
- Maxwell Frost (Democrat–FL)
- Mike Levin (Democrat–CA)
- Mike Quigley (Democrat–IL)
- Mike Thompson (Democrat–CA)
- Morgan McGarvey (Democrat–KY)
- Nellie Pou (Democrat–NJ)
- Nikema Williams (Democrat–GA)
- Nikki Budzinski (Democrat–IL)
- Norma J. Torres (Democrat–CA)
- Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat–NY)
- Pablo José Hernández (Democrat–PR)
- Patrick Ryan (Democrat–NY)
- Paul Tonko (Democrat–NY)
- Pete Aguilar (Democrat–CA)
- Pramila Jayapal (Democrat–WA)
- Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat–IL)
- Rashida Tlaib (Democrat–MI)
- Raul Ruiz (Democrat–CA)
- Rick Larsen (Democrat–WA)
- Ritchie Torres (Democrat–NY)
- Ro Khanna (Democrat–CA)
- Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat–VA)
- Robert Menendez (Democrat–NJ)
- Robin L. Kelly (Democrat–IL)
- Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat–CT)
- Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat–CA)
- Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat–CA)
- Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Sara Jacobs (Democrat–CA)
- Sarah Elfreth (Democrat–MD)
- Sarah McBride (Democrat–DE)
- Scott H. Peters (Democrat–CA)
- Sean Casten (Democrat–IL)
- Seth Magaziner (Democrat–RI)
- Seth Moulton (Democrat–MA)
- Sharice Davids (Democrat–KS)
- Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (Democrat–FL)
- Shomari Figures (Democrat–AL)
- Shontel M. Brown (Democrat–OH)
- Shri Thanedar (Democrat–MI)
- Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat–MD)
- Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat–MA)
- Steve Cohen (Democrat–TN)
- Steven Horsford (Democrat–NV)
- Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat–VA)
- Summer L. Lee (Democrat–PA)
- Susie Lee (Democrat–NV)
- Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat–WA)
- Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat–OR)
- Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat–CA)
- Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat–TX)
- Ted Lieu (Democrat–CA)
- Terri A. Sewell (Democrat–AL)
- Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat–NY)
- Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat–NY)
- Troy A. Carter (Democrat–LA)
- Val T. Hoyle (Democrat–OR)
- Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat–NC)
- Veronica Escobar (Democrat–TX)
- Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat–TX)
- Wesley Bell (Democrat–MO)
- William R. Keating (Democrat–MA)
- Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat–NY)
- Zoe Lofgren (Democrat–CA)
Nay (214)
- Aaron Bean (Republican–FL)
- Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican–AZ)
- Addison P. McDowell (Republican–NC)
- Adrian Smith (Republican–NE)
- Andrew Ogles (Republican–TN)
- Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican–NY)
- Andrew S. Clyde (Republican–GA)
- Andy Barr (Republican–KY)
- Andy Biggs (Republican–AZ)
- Andy Harris (Republican–MD)
- Ann Wagner (Republican–MO)
- Anna Paulina Luna (Republican–FL)
- Ashley Hinson (Republican–IA)
- August Pfluger (Republican–TX)
- Austin Scott (Republican–GA)
- Barry Loudermilk (Republican–GA)
- Barry Moore (Republican–AL)
- Ben Cline (Republican–VA)
- Beth Van Duyne (Republican–TX)
- Bill Huizenga (Republican–MI)
- Blake D. Moore (Republican–UT)
- Brad Finstad (Republican–MN)
- Brad Knott (Republican–NC)
- Brandon Gill (Republican–TX)
- Brett Guthrie (Republican–KY)
- Brian Babin (Republican–TX)
- Brian J. Mast (Republican–FL)
- Brian Jack (Republican–GA)
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican–PA)
- Bruce Westerman (Republican–AR)
- Bryan Steil (Republican–WI)
- Burgess Owens (Republican–UT)
- Byron Donalds (Republican–FL)
- Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican–FL)
- Carol D. Miller (Republican–WV)
- Celeste Maloy (Republican–UT)
- Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican–TN)
- Chip Roy (Republican–TX)
- Christopher H. Smith (Republican–NJ)
- Chuck Edwards (Republican–NC)
- Claudia Tenney (Republican–NY)
- Clay Higgins (Republican–LA)
- Cliff Bentz (Republican–OR)
- Cory Mills (Republican–FL)
- Craig A. Goldman (Republican–TX)
- Dale W. Strong (Republican–AL)
- Dan Crenshaw (Republican–TX)
- Dan Newhouse (Republican–WA)
- Daniel Meuser (Republican–PA)
- Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat–NY)
- Daniel Webster (Republican–FL)
- Darin LaHood (Republican–IL)
- Darrell Issa (Republican–CA)
- David G. Valadao (Republican–CA)
- David J. Taylor (Republican–OH)
- David Kustoff (Republican–TN)
- David P. Joyce (Republican–OH)
- David Rouzer (Republican–NC)
- David Schweikert (Republican–AZ)
- Derek Schmidt (Republican–KS)
- Derrick Van Orden (Republican–WI)
- Diana Harshbarger (Republican–TN)
- Don Bacon (Republican–NE)
- Doug LaMalfa (Republican–CA)
- Dusty Johnson (Republican–SD)
- Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican–GA)
- Elijah Crane (Republican–AZ)
- Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican–AR)
- Eric Burlison (Republican–MO)
- Erin Houchin (Republican–IN)
- Frank D. Lucas (Republican–OK)
- Gabe Evans (Republican–CO)
- Gary J. Palmer (Republican–AL)
- Glenn Grothman (Republican–WI)
- Glenn Thompson (Republican–PA)
- Gregory F. Murphy (Republican–NC)
- Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican–FL)
- Guy Reschenthaler (Republican–PA)
- H. Morgan Griffith (Republican–VA)
- Harold Rogers (Republican–KY)
- Harriet M. Hageman (Republican–WY)
- J. French Hill (Republican–AR)
- Jake Ellzey (Republican–TX)
- James Comer (Republican–KY)
- James R. Baird (Republican–IN)
- Jared Moskowitz (Democrat–FL)
- Jason Smith (Republican–MO)
- Jay Obernolte (Republican–CA)
- Jeff Crank (Republican–CO)
- Jeff Hurd (Republican–CO)
- Jefferson Shreve (Republican–IN)
- Jefferson Van Drew (Republican–NJ)
- Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican–VA)
- Jim Jordan (Republican–OH)
- Jodey C. Arrington (Republican–TX)
- Joe Wilson (Republican–SC)
- John H. Rutherford (Republican–FL)
- John J. McGuire III (Republican–VA)
- John James (Republican–MI)
- John Joyce (Republican–PA)
- John R. Carter (Republican–TX)
- John R. Moolenaar (Republican–MI)
- John W. Rose (Republican–TN)
- Josh Brecheen (Republican–OK)
- Josh Gottheimer (Democrat–NJ)
- Juan Ciscomani (Republican–AZ)
- Julia Letlow (Republican–LA)
- Julie Fedorchak (Republican–ND)
- Kat Cammack (Republican–FL)
- Keith Self (Republican–TX)
- Ken Calvert (Republican–CA)
- Kevin Hern (Republican–OK)
- Kevin Kiley (Independent–CA)
- Kimberlyn King-Hinds (Republican–MP)
- Lance Gooden (Republican–TX)
- Laurel M. Lee (Republican–FL)
- Lauren Boebert (Republican–CO)
- Lisa C. McClain (Republican–MI)
- Lloyd Smucker (Republican–PA)
- Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican–FL)
- Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican–IA)
- Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican–FL)
- Marjorie Taylor Greene (Republican–GA)
- Mark Alford (Republican–MO)
- Mark B. Messmer (Republican–IN)
- Mark E. Green (Republican–TN)
- Mark Harris (Republican–NC)
- Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican–IN)
- Mary E. Miller (Republican–IL)
- Max L. Miller (Republican–OH)
- Michael A. Rulli (Republican–OH)
- Michael Baumgartner (Republican–WA)
- Michael Cloud (Republican–TX)
- Michael Guest (Republican–MS)
- Michael K. Simpson (Republican–ID)
- Michael Lawler (Republican–NY)
- Michael R. Turner (Republican–OH)
- Michelle Fischbach (Republican–MN)
- Mike Bost (Republican–IL)
- Mike Carey (Republican–OH)
- Mike Collins (Republican–GA)
- Mike Ezell (Republican–MS)
- Mike Flood (Republican–NE)
- Mike Haridopolos (Republican–FL)
- Mike Kelly (Republican–PA)
- Mike Kennedy (Republican–UT)
- Mike Rogers (Republican–AL)
- Monica De La Cruz (Republican–TX)
- Morgan Luttrell (Republican–TX)
- Nancy Mace (Republican–SC)
- Nathaniel Moran (Republican–TX)
- Neal P. Dunn (Republican–FL)
- Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican–NY)
- Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican–AK)
- Nick LaLota (Republican–NY)
- Nicole Malliotakis (Republican–NY)
- Pat Fallon (Republican–TX)
- Pat Harrigan (Republican–NC)
- Paul A. Gosar (Republican–AZ)
- Pete Sessions (Republican–TX)
- Pete Stauber (Republican–MN)
- Ralph Norman (Republican–SC)
- Randy Feenstra (Republican–IA)
- Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican–TX)
- Richard Hudson (Republican–NC)
- Richard McCormick (Republican–GA)
- Rick W. Allen (Republican–GA)
- Riley M. Moore (Republican–WV)
- Robert B. Aderholt (Republican–AL)
- Robert E. Latta (Republican–OH)
- Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican–MO)
- Robert J. Wittman (Republican–VA)
- Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican–PA)
- Roger Williams (Republican–TX)
- Ron Estes (Republican–KS)
- Rudy Yakym III (Republican–IN)
- Russ Fulcher (Republican–ID)
- Russell Fry (Republican–SC)
- Ryan K. Zinke (Republican–MT)
- Ryan Mackenzie (Republican–PA)
- Sam Graves (Republican–MO)
- Scott DesJarlais (Republican–TN)
- Scott Fitzgerald (Republican–WI)
- Scott Franklin (Republican–FL)
- Scott Perry (Republican–PA)
- Sheri Biggs (Republican–SC)
- Stephanie I. Bice (Republican–OK)
- Steve Scalise (Republican–LA)
- Steve Womack (Republican–AR)
- Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican–NJ)
- Thomas Massie (Republican–KY)
- Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican–WI)
- Tim Burchett (Republican–TN)
- Tim Moore (Republican–NC)
- Tim Walberg (Republican–MI)
- Tom Barrett (Republican–MI)
- Tom Cole (Republican–OK)
- Tom Emmer (Republican–MN)
- Tom McClintock (Republican–CA)
- Tony Gonzales (Republican–TX)
- Tony Wied (Republican–WI)
- Tracey Mann (Republican–KS)
- Trent Kelly (Republican–MS)
- Troy Balderson (Republican–OH)
- Troy Downing (Republican–MT)
- Troy E. Nehls (Republican–TX)
- Vern Buchanan (Republican–FL)
- Victoria Spartz (Republican–IN)
- Virginia Foxx (Republican–NC)
- W. Gregory Steube (Republican–FL)
- Warren Davidson (Republican–OH)
- Wesley Hunt (Republican–TX)
- William R. Timmons IV (Republican–SC)
- Young Kim (Republican–CA)
Not Voting (23)
- Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen (Republican–AS)
- Brittany Pettersen (Democrat–CO)
- Chellie Pingree (Democrat–ME)
- Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat–IL)
- Elise M. Stefanik (Republican–NY)
- Jack Bergman (Republican–MI)
- James C. Moylan (Republican–GU)
- John Garamendi (Democrat–CA)
- Lucy McBath (Democrat–GA)
- Mark E. Amodei (Republican–NV)
- Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat–NM)
- Michael T. McCaul (Republican–TX)
- Mikie Sherrill (Democrat–NJ)
- Nancy Pelosi (Democrat–CA)
- Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat–CA)
- Richard E. Neal (Democrat–MA)
- Robert Garcia (Democrat–CA)
- Ronny Jackson (Republican–TX)
- Stacey E. Plaskett (Democrat–VI)
- Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat–NM)
- Vince Fong (Republican–CA)
- Yassamin Ansari (Democrat–AZ)
- Zachary Nunn (Republican–IA)
Party labels reflect each member’s most recent affiliation on record.