On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended — H R 3394 — Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act
Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act
In plain language
- House bill in the 119th Congress.
- Expands the eligibility criteria for an accredited investor for purposes of participating in private offerings of securities.
- House passed it on Jun 24, 2025 (substantive).
Official summary (Congressional Research Service)
Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act This bill expands the eligibility criteria for an accredited investor for purposes of participating in private offerings of securities to include an individual determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to have qualifying professional knowledge through educational or professional experience. (Certain unregistered securities may only be offered to accredited investors.) The bill also provides statutory authority for certain existing criteria for an accredited investor, including licensure or registration in good standing as a broker or investment adviser, specified annual salary, and specified net worth. Further, the SEC is directed to revise the definition of accredited investor in Regulation D (which exempts certain offerings from SEC registration requirements) to conform to changes in this bill.
Roll-call breakdown
Democrat: 186 · Independent: 1 · Republican: 210
Democrat: 12
—
Democrat: 14 · Republican: 9
How each member voted (432)
Yea (397)
- Aaron Bean (Republican–FL)
- Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican–AZ)
- Adam Gray (Democrat–CA)
- Adam Smith (Democrat–WA)
- Addison P. McDowell (Republican–NC)
- Adrian Smith (Republican–NE)
- Adriano Espaillat (Democrat–NY)
- Al Green (Democrat–TX)
- Alma S. Adams (Democrat–NC)
- André Carson (Democrat–IN)
- Andrea Salinas (Democrat–OR)
- Andrew Ogles (Republican–TN)
- Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican–NY)
- Andrew S. Clyde (Republican–GA)
- Andy Biggs (Republican–AZ)
- Andy Harris (Republican–MD)
- Angie Craig (Democrat–MN)
- Ann Wagner (Republican–MO)
- Anna Paulina Luna (Republican–FL)
- April McClain Delaney (Democrat–MD)
- Ashley Hinson (Republican–IA)
- August Pfluger (Republican–TX)
- Austin Scott (Republican–GA)
- Barry Loudermilk (Republican–GA)
- Barry Moore (Republican–AL)
- Becca Balint (Democrat–VT)
- Ben Cline (Republican–VA)
- Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat–MS)
- Beth Van Duyne (Republican–TX)
- Betty McCollum (Democrat–MN)
- Bill Foster (Democrat–IL)
- Bill Huizenga (Republican–MI)
- Blake D. Moore (Republican–UT)
- Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat–NJ)
- Brad Finstad (Republican–MN)
- Brad Knott (Republican–NC)
- Brad Sherman (Democrat–CA)
- Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat–IL)
- Brandon Gill (Republican–TX)
- Brett Guthrie (Republican–KY)
- Brian Babin (Republican–TX)
- Brian J. Mast (Republican–FL)
- Brian Jack (Republican–GA)
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican–PA)
- Brittany Pettersen (Democrat–CO)
- Bruce Westerman (Republican–AR)
- Bryan Steil (Republican–WI)
- Burgess Owens (Republican–UT)
- Byron Donalds (Republican–FL)
- Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican–FL)
- Carol D. Miller (Republican–WV)
- Celeste Maloy (Republican–UT)
- Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican–TN)
- Chellie Pingree (Democrat–ME)
- Chip Roy (Republican–TX)
- Chris Pappas (Democrat–NH)
- Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat–PA)
- Christopher H. Smith (Republican–NJ)
- Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat–PA)
- Chuck Edwards (Republican–NC)
- Claudia Tenney (Republican–NY)
- Clay Higgins (Republican–LA)
- Cleo Fields (Democrat–LA)
- Cliff Bentz (Republican–OR)
- Cory Mills (Republican–FL)
- Craig A. Goldman (Republican–TX)
- Dale W. Strong (Republican–AL)
- Dan Crenshaw (Republican–TX)
- Dan Newhouse (Republican–WA)
- Daniel Meuser (Republican–PA)
- Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat–NY)
- Daniel Webster (Republican–FL)
- Danny K. Davis (Democrat–IL)
- Darin LaHood (Republican–IL)
- Darrell Issa (Republican–CA)
- Darren Soto (Democrat–FL)
- Dave Min (Democrat–CA)
- David G. Valadao (Republican–CA)
- David J. Taylor (Republican–OH)
- David Kustoff (Republican–TN)
- David P. Joyce (Republican–OH)
- David Rouzer (Republican–NC)
- David Schweikert (Republican–AZ)
- David Scott (Democrat–GA)
- Debbie Dingell (Democrat–MI)
- Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat–FL)
- Deborah K. Ross (Democrat–NC)
- Derek Schmidt (Republican–KS)
- Derek Tran (Democrat–CA)
- Derrick Van Orden (Republican–WI)
- Diana DeGette (Democrat–CO)
- Diana Harshbarger (Republican–TN)
- Don Bacon (Republican–NE)
- Donald G. Davis (Democrat–NC)
- Donald Norcross (Democrat–NJ)
- Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat–VA)
- Doris O. Matsui (Democrat–CA)
- Doug LaMalfa (Republican–CA)
- Dusty Johnson (Republican–SD)
- Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican–GA)
- Ed Case (Democrat–HI)
- Elijah Crane (Republican–AZ)
- Elise M. Stefanik (Republican–NY)
- Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat–MO)
- Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat–OH)
- Emily Randall (Democrat–WA)
- Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican–AR)
- Eric Burlison (Republican–MO)
- Eric Sorensen (Democrat–IL)
- Eric Swalwell (Democrat–CA)
- Erin Houchin (Republican–IN)
- Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat–VA)
- Frank D. Lucas (Republican–OK)
- Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat–IN)
- Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Gabe Amo (Democrat–RI)
- Gabe Evans (Republican–CO)
- Gabe Vasquez (Democrat–NM)
- Gary J. Palmer (Republican–AL)
- George Latimer (Democrat–NY)
- George Whitesides (Democrat–CA)
- Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat–CA)
- Glenn Grothman (Republican–WI)
- Glenn Ivey (Democrat–MD)
- Glenn Thompson (Republican–PA)
- Grace Meng (Democrat–NY)
- Greg Landsman (Democrat–OH)
- Gregory F. Murphy (Republican–NC)
- Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat–NY)
- Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican–FL)
- Guy Reschenthaler (Republican–PA)
- Gwen Moore (Democrat–WI)
- H. Morgan Griffith (Republican–VA)
- Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat–NY)
- Haley M. Stevens (Democrat–MI)
- Harold Rogers (Republican–KY)
- Harriet M. Hageman (Republican–WY)
- Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Henry Cuellar (Democrat–TX)
- Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat–NJ)
- Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat–MI)
- J. French Hill (Republican–AR)
- J. Luis Correa (Democrat–CA)
- Jack Bergman (Republican–MI)
- Jahana Hayes (Democrat–CT)
- Jake Auchincloss (Democrat–MA)
- Jake Ellzey (Republican–TX)
- James A. Himes (Democrat–CT)
- James Comer (Republican–KY)
- James E. Clyburn (Democrat–SC)
- James R. Baird (Republican–IN)
- Jamie Raskin (Democrat–MD)
- Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat–OR)
- Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat–IL)
- Jared F. Golden (Democrat–ME)
- Jared Huffman (Democrat–CA)
- Jared Moskowitz (Democrat–FL)
- Jasmine Crockett (Democrat–TX)
- Jason Crow (Democrat–CO)
- Jason Smith (Republican–MO)
- Jay Obernolte (Republican–CA)
- Jeff Crank (Republican–CO)
- Jeff Hurd (Republican–CO)
- Jefferson Shreve (Republican–IN)
- Jefferson Van Drew (Republican–NJ)
- Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican–VA)
- Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat–VA)
- Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat–HI)
- Jim Costa (Democrat–CA)
- Jim Jordan (Republican–OH)
- Jimmy Gomez (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Panetta (Democrat–CA)
- Jimmy Patronis (Republican–FL)
- Joaquin Castro (Democrat–TX)
- Jodey C. Arrington (Republican–TX)
- Joe Courtney (Democrat–CT)
- Joe Neguse (Democrat–CO)
- John B. Larson (Democrat–CT)
- John Garamendi (Democrat–CA)
- John H. Rutherford (Republican–FL)
- John J. McGuire III (Republican–VA)
- John Joyce (Republican–PA)
- John R. Carter (Republican–TX)
- John R. Moolenaar (Republican–MI)
- John W. Mannion (Democrat–NY)
- John W. Rose (Republican–TN)
- Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat–MD)
- Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat–IL)
- Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat–NY)
- Josh Gottheimer (Democrat–NJ)
- Josh Harder (Democrat–CA)
- Josh Riley (Democrat–NY)
- Juan Ciscomani (Republican–AZ)
- Juan Vargas (Democrat–CA)
- Judy Chu (Democrat–CA)
- Julia Letlow (Republican–LA)
- Julie Fedorchak (Republican–ND)
- Julie Johnson (Democrat–TX)
- Kat Cammack (Republican–FL)
- Katherine M. Clark (Democrat–MA)
- Kathy Castor (Democrat–FL)
- Keith Self (Republican–TX)
- Kelly Morrison (Democrat–MN)
- Ken Calvert (Republican–CA)
- Kevin Hern (Republican–OK)
- Kevin Kiley (Independent–CA)
- Kevin Mullin (Democrat–CA)
- Kim Schrier (Democrat–WA)
- Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat–MI)
- Kweisi Mfume (Democrat–MD)
- LaMonica McIver (Democrat–NJ)
- Lance Gooden (Republican–TX)
- Lateefah Simon (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Friedman (Democrat–CA)
- Laura Gillen (Democrat–NY)
- Laurel M. Lee (Republican–FL)
- Lauren Boebert (Republican–CO)
- Lauren Underwood (Democrat–IL)
- Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat–CA)
- Lisa C. McClain (Republican–MI)
- Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Doggett (Democrat–TX)
- Lloyd Smucker (Republican–PA)
- Lori Trahan (Democrat–MA)
- Lucy McBath (Democrat–GA)
- Luz M. Rivas (Democrat–CA)
- Madeleine Dean (Democrat–PA)
- Maggie Goodlander (Democrat–NH)
- Marc A. Veasey (Democrat–TX)
- Marcy Kaptur (Democrat–OH)
- Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican–IA)
- Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat–WA)
- Marilyn Strickland (Democrat–WA)
- Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican–FL)
- Marjorie Taylor Greene (Republican–GA)
- Mark Alford (Republican–MO)
- Mark B. Messmer (Republican–IN)
- Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat–CA)
- Mark E. Amodei (Republican–NV)
- Mark E. Green (Republican–TN)
- Mark Harris (Republican–NC)
- Mark Pocan (Democrat–WI)
- Mark Takano (Democrat–CA)
- Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican–IN)
- Mary E. Miller (Republican–IL)
- Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat–PA)
- Max L. Miller (Republican–OH)
- Maxine Waters (Democrat–CA)
- Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat–NM)
- Michael A. Rulli (Republican–OH)
- Michael Baumgartner (Republican–WA)
- Michael Cloud (Republican–TX)
- Michael Guest (Republican–MS)
- Michael K. Simpson (Republican–ID)
- Michael Lawler (Republican–NY)
- Michael R. Turner (Republican–OH)
- Michael T. McCaul (Republican–TX)
- Michelle Fischbach (Republican–MN)
- Mike Bost (Republican–IL)
- Mike Carey (Republican–OH)
- Mike Collins (Republican–GA)
- Mike Ezell (Republican–MS)
- Mike Flood (Republican–NE)
- Mike Haridopolos (Republican–FL)
- Mike Johnson (Republican–LA)
- Mike Kelly (Republican–PA)
- Mike Kennedy (Republican–UT)
- Mike Levin (Democrat–CA)
- Mike Quigley (Democrat–IL)
- Mike Thompson (Democrat–CA)
- Monica De La Cruz (Republican–TX)
- Morgan Luttrell (Republican–TX)
- Morgan McGarvey (Democrat–KY)
- Nancy Mace (Republican–SC)
- Nancy Pelosi (Democrat–CA)
- Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat–CA)
- Nathaniel Moran (Republican–TX)
- Neal P. Dunn (Republican–FL)
- Nellie Pou (Democrat–NJ)
- Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican–NY)
- Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican–AK)
- Nick LaLota (Republican–NY)
- Nicole Malliotakis (Republican–NY)
- Nikema Williams (Democrat–GA)
- Nikki Budzinski (Democrat–IL)
- Norma J. Torres (Democrat–CA)
- Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat–NY)
- Pat Fallon (Republican–TX)
- Pat Harrigan (Republican–NC)
- Patrick Ryan (Democrat–NY)
- Paul A. Gosar (Republican–AZ)
- Paul Tonko (Democrat–NY)
- Pete Aguilar (Democrat–CA)
- Pete Sessions (Republican–TX)
- Pete Stauber (Republican–MN)
- Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat–IL)
- Ralph Norman (Republican–SC)
- Randy Feenstra (Republican–IA)
- Randy Fine (Republican–FL)
- Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican–TX)
- Raul Ruiz (Democrat–CA)
- Richard E. Neal (Democrat–MA)
- Richard Hudson (Republican–NC)
- Richard McCormick (Republican–GA)
- Rick Larsen (Democrat–WA)
- Rick W. Allen (Republican–GA)
- Riley M. Moore (Republican–WV)
- Ritchie Torres (Democrat–NY)
- Ro Khanna (Democrat–CA)
- Robert B. Aderholt (Republican–AL)
- Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat–VA)
- Robert E. Latta (Republican–OH)
- Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican–MO)
- Robert Garcia (Democrat–CA)
- Robert J. Wittman (Republican–VA)
- Robert Menendez (Democrat–NJ)
- Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican–PA)
- Robin L. Kelly (Democrat–IL)
- Roger Williams (Republican–TX)
- Ron Estes (Republican–KS)
- Ronny Jackson (Republican–TX)
- Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat–CT)
- Rudy Yakym III (Republican–IN)
- Russ Fulcher (Republican–ID)
- Russell Fry (Republican–SC)
- Ryan K. Zinke (Republican–MT)
- Ryan Mackenzie (Republican–PA)
- Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat–CA)
- Sam Graves (Republican–MO)
- Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat–CA)
- Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat–GA)
- Sara Jacobs (Democrat–CA)
- Sarah Elfreth (Democrat–MD)
- Sarah McBride (Democrat–DE)
- Scott DesJarlais (Republican–TN)
- Scott Fitzgerald (Republican–WI)
- Scott Franklin (Republican–FL)
- Scott H. Peters (Democrat–CA)
- Scott Perry (Republican–PA)
- Sean Casten (Democrat–IL)
- Seth Magaziner (Democrat–RI)
- Seth Moulton (Democrat–MA)
- Sharice Davids (Democrat–KS)
- Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (Democrat–FL)
- Sheri Biggs (Republican–SC)
- Shomari Figures (Democrat–AL)
- Shontel M. Brown (Democrat–OH)
- Shri Thanedar (Democrat–MI)
- Stephanie I. Bice (Republican–OK)
- Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat–MA)
- Steve Cohen (Democrat–TN)
- Steve Scalise (Republican–LA)
- Steve Womack (Republican–AR)
- Steven Horsford (Democrat–NV)
- Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat–VA)
- Susie Lee (Democrat–NV)
- Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat–WA)
- Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat–OR)
- Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat–CA)
- Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat–TX)
- Ted Lieu (Democrat–CA)
- Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat–NM)
- Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican–NJ)
- Thomas Massie (Republican–KY)
- Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican–WI)
- Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat–NY)
- Tim Burchett (Republican–TN)
- Tim Moore (Republican–NC)
- Tim Walberg (Republican–MI)
- Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat–NY)
- Tom Barrett (Republican–MI)
- Tom Cole (Republican–OK)
- Tom Emmer (Republican–MN)
- Tom McClintock (Republican–CA)
- Tony Gonzales (Republican–TX)
- Tony Wied (Republican–WI)
- Tracey Mann (Republican–KS)
- Trent Kelly (Republican–MS)
- Troy A. Carter (Democrat–LA)
- Troy Balderson (Republican–OH)
- Troy Downing (Republican–MT)
- Troy E. Nehls (Republican–TX)
- Val T. Hoyle (Democrat–OR)
- Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat–NC)
- Veronica Escobar (Democrat–TX)
- Victoria Spartz (Republican–IN)
- Vince Fong (Republican–CA)
- Virginia Foxx (Republican–NC)
- W. Gregory Steube (Republican–FL)
- Wesley Bell (Democrat–MO)
- William R. Keating (Democrat–MA)
- William R. Timmons IV (Republican–SC)
- Yassamin Ansari (Democrat–AZ)
- Young Kim (Republican–CA)
- Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat–NY)
- Zachary Nunn (Republican–IA)
- Zoe Lofgren (Democrat–CA)
Nay (12)
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat–NY)
- Ayanna Pressley (Democrat–MA)
- Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat–IL)
- Greg Casar (Democrat–TX)
- Ilhan Omar (Democrat–MN)
- James P. McGovern (Democrat–MA)
- Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat–IL)
- Maxine Dexter (Democrat–OR)
- Maxwell Frost (Democrat–FL)
- Pramila Jayapal (Democrat–WA)
- Rashida Tlaib (Democrat–MI)
- Summer L. Lee (Democrat–PA)
Not Voting (23)
- Ami Bera (Democrat–CA)
- Andy Barr (Republican–KY)
- Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat–PA)
- Dina Titus (Democrat–NV)
- Dwight Evans (Democrat–PA)
- Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat–FL)
- Greg Stanton (Democrat–AZ)
- Jerrold Nadler (Democrat–NY)
- Joe Wilson (Republican–SC)
- John James (Republican–MI)
- Josh Brecheen (Republican–OK)
- Joyce Beatty (Democrat–OH)
- Julia Brownley (Democrat–CA)
- Lois Frankel (Democrat–FL)
- Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican–FL)
- Mike Rogers (Republican–AL)
- Mikie Sherrill (Democrat–NJ)
- Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat–MD)
- Terri A. Sewell (Democrat–AL)
- Vern Buchanan (Republican–FL)
- Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat–TX)
- Warren Davidson (Republican–OH)
- Wesley Hunt (Republican–TX)
Party labels reflect each member’s most recent affiliation on record.