Open Eye

A plain-language record of the U.S. government

October Term 2003 · decided Feb 24, 2004

Jeff Groh v. Joseph R. Ramirez et al.

In plain language

  • Jeff Groh v. Joseph R. Ramirez et al., OT 2003, February 24, 2004.
  • Citation: 540 U.S. 551.
  • Vote: 5 to 4.
  • Issue area: Economic Activity.

Recorded metadata

Decided 2004-02-24 (October Term 2003). Citation: 540 U.S. 551. Vote: 5–4. Issue area: Economic Activity. (Metadata from the Supreme Court Database.)

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How each justice voted

Positions are recorded by the Supreme Court Database. A concurrence agrees with the outcome while writing or joining a separate opinion.