Open Eye

A plain-language record of the U.S. government

October Term 2002 · decided Mar 10, 2003

Norfolk & Western Railway Company v. Freeman Ayers et al.

In plain language

  • Norfolk & Western Railway Company v. Freeman Ayers et al., OT 2002, March 10, 2003.
  • Citation: 538 U.S. 135.
  • Vote: 5 to 4.
  • Issue area: Economic Activity.

Recorded metadata

Decided 2003-03-10 (October Term 2002). Citation: 538 U.S. 135. Vote: 5–4. Issue area: Economic Activity. (Metadata from the Supreme Court Database.)

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How each justice voted

Positions are recorded by the Supreme Court Database. A concurrence agrees with the outcome while writing or joining a separate opinion.